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The Main Circuits of the Automotive electrical system:  The electrical system of an automobile consists of four main circuits and a number of branch circuits. The four main circuits are  the charging circuit (generating circuit), starting circuit,  ignition circuit  and the lighting circuit.  There are two sources for the generation of electricity (electric current) in automobiles i.e. battery and generator. All the main circuits are connected together and linked to a car battery. There is a considerable variation in the use of electrical symbols between different vehicle motor vehicle manufacturers.

TYPES OF DRIVE-IN AUTOMOBILES   From engine-rear wheel drive   In this type of layout, the engine is fitted in front of the vehicle and drive to the wheels is to the rear as. The clutch and gearbox are fined in front and the drive to the rear axle is given with the help of a propeller shaft. The following are the advantages and disadvantages of this type of layout: Advantages- The weight of the vehicle is well balanced on all the wheels. It provides enough space for the luggage It provides enough space for steering the front wheels. The efficiency of a cooling system is improved, as the radiator is provided in the front and gets a natural draft of air due to the forward movement of the vehicle. The clutch and gearbox are easily accessible for inspection, repair, and adjustment. Disadvantages- Under heavy acceleration, oversteer and fish-tailing can occur.  On snow, ice, and sand, rear-wheel-drive vehicles lose traction. Increased weight due to the addition of a long prop...

Biodiesel:          Introduction: Biodiesel is a form of diesel fuel manufactured from vegetable oils, animal fats or recycled restaurant oils. Features of biodiesel: It is safe and biodegradable and produces fewer air pollutants than petroleum-based diesel. It can be used in its pure form (B100) or blended with petroleum diesel. Common blends include B2 (2% biodiesel), B5 and B20. B2 and B5 can be used safely in most diesel engines. However, most vehicle manufacturers do not recommend using blends greater than B5, and engine damage caused by higher blends is not covered by some manufacturer warranties.   Advantages:  can be used in most diesel engines, especially newer ones  produces fewer air pollutants (other than NO x ) and greenhouse gases  biodegradable  non-toxic  safer to handle. Disadvantages: use of blends above B5 may not yet be approved by manufacturers lower fuel economy and power (10% lower for B100, 2% for B20) more N...

 BATTERY: A battery in automobiles, is an electrochemical device which produce electricity (current) through chemical action inside it. The battery does not store electricity a electrons. The battery stores energy in the chemical form. The electrical energy is produced in the battery by the chemical reaction that occurs between two dissimilar plates that are immersed in a electrolyte solution.  The automotive batteries are rechargeable, therefore, they can also convert a electrical current into chemical energy and stores that energy until it is needed. The amount of electrical energy that a battery can produce depends upon the size, weight,  active area of plates, and the amount of sulphuric acid in the electrolyte. The greatest requirement of electrical energy from the battery occurs when it supplies current for operating the starter in When the engine is started, the vehicle's charging system (generator) supplies current to recharge the battery and to run the electrica...